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Objective:To evaluate the role of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation-mediated macrophage polarization in myocardial injury after ischemic stroke in diabetic mice.Methods:Wild-type C57BL/6J mice and NLRP3 -/- mice, aged 4-6 weeks, were fed a high fat diet combined with streptozotocin administration to develop the diabetic model. Twenty-four diabetic wild type C57BL/6J mice and 23 diabetic NLRP3 -/- mice were divided into wild type sham operation group (WT D-SHAM group, n=9) , wild type ischemic stroke group (WT D-MCAO group, n=15) , NLRP3 -/- sham operation group (NLRP3 -/-D-SHAM group, n=9) and NLRP3 -/- ischemic stroke group (NLRP3 -/-D-MCAO group, n=14). The ischemic stroke model was developed by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the animals anesthetized with isoflurane. Echocardiography and electrocardiography were carried out at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after developing the model. Mice were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, and myocardial tissues were taken at 28 days after surgery for determination of the expression of macrophage marker F4/80 and M2 type macrophage marker CD206 mRNA (by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Results:Compared with WT D-SHAM group, the cardiac output, mass of left ventricle and corrected mass of left ventricle were significantly decreased at 28 days after surgery, and QT interval and QTc interval were prolonged at 14 and 28 days after developing the model in WT D-MCAO group ( P<0.05). Compared with NLRP3 -/-D-SHAM group, the cardiac output, mass of left ventricle and corrected mass of left ventricle were significantly decreased, and QT interval and QTc interval were prolonged at 3 days after surgery in NLRP3 -/-D-MCAO group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CD206 and F4/80 mRNA expression between WT D-SHAM group and WT D-MCAO group and between NLRP3 -/-D-SHAM group and NLRP3 -/-D-MCAO group ( P>0.05). Compared with WT D-MCAO group, the QT interval and QTC interval were significantly shortened at 14 and 28 days after developing the model, and the expression of F4/80 mRNA was down-regulated and the expression of CD206 mRNA was up-regulated at 28 days after developing the model in NLRP3 -/-D-MCAO group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated polarization of macrophages to M2 phenotype is involved in myocardial injury after ischemic stroke in diabetic mice.
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Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of mini-fluid challenge test in predicting fluid responsiveness in elderly patients undergoing surgery in prone position.Methods:Forty-eight elderly patients, aged ≥ 65 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective spinal surgery, were enrolled.Patients were mechanically ventilated using a volume-controlled mode with a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg of ideal body weight during operation.A radial arterial catheter was inserted and connected to FloTrac/Vigileo system to monitor hemodynamic parameters.At 5 min after prone position, volume expansion was started when the hemodynamics was stable: lactated Ringer′s solution 1 ml/kg was intravenously infused over 1 min, 1 min later lactated Ringer′s solution 1 ml/kg was intravenously infused over 1 min, 1 min later lactated Ringer′s solution 1 ml/kg was intravenously infused over 1 min, and 1 min later operation was started.After tracheal intubation and before prone position (T 1), 5 min of prone position (T 2), 1 min after 1st infusion of 1 ml/kg liquid (T 3), and 1 min after 2nd infusion of 1 ml/kg liquid (T 4) and 1 min after infusion of 3 ml/kg fluid (T 5), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, stroke volume index (SVI), stroke volume variability (SVV), pulse pressure variability (PPV), and changes in SVI induced by rapid infusion of 1, 2 and 5 ml/kg crystalloid (ΔSVI 1 ml/kg, ΔSVI 2 ml/kg, ΔSVI 5 ml/kg) were calculated.Positive fluid challenges were defined as an increase in SVI of 10% or more from baseline, and the patients were divided into responder group (R) and non-responder group (NR). Receiver operating characteristic curves predicting fluid responsiveness were generated for ΔSVI 1 ml/kg, ΔSVI 2 ml/kg, SVV and PPV, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were calculated. Results:Thirty patients were enrolled in group R and 18 cases in group NR.The AUC of ΔSVI 1 ml/kg in predicting fluid volume responsiveness was 0.87 with a diagnostic threshold of 7%, a sensitivity of 80%, and a specificity of 83%.The AUC of ΔSVI 2 ml/kg in predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.928 with a diagnostic threshold of 8%, a sensitivity of 78%, and a specificity of 89%.The AUC of SVV and PPV in predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.65 and 0.53, respectively. Conclusion:Mini-fluid challenge test guided by ΔSVI can predict fluid responsiveness in elderly patients undergoing surgery in prone position, and rapid infusion of 2 ml/kg crystalloid provides better accuracy than 1 ml/kg.
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【Objective】 To investigate the preoperative anemia and perioperative blood transfusion in patients with duodenal papillary carcinoma who underwent Whipple surgery. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 1 959 cases with duodenal papillary carcinoma, subjected to Whipple surgery, were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 The rate of anemia in preoperative patients with duodenal papillary carcinoma was 54.87%(1 075/1 959). The incidence rate of anemia in the three age groups from low to high was 44.92% (≤50 years old, 190/423), 52.82% (51~64 years old, 506/958), and 65.57% (≥65 years old, 379/578) (P<0.05), and the highest rate of anemia occurred in patients aged above 65. There was a significant statistical difference among patients with different body mass index (BMI)(P<0.05). Patients with moderate or severe anemia received more red blood cells than patients with mild anemia during the perioperative period (P<0.05). The average hospitalization time of the blood transfusion patients was 27.25 days, and that of non-transfusion patients was 22.22 days (P<0.05). The amount of blood loss and hospitalization time of patients underwent laparoscopic and robotic surgery were significantly lower than those underwent open surgery patients (P <0.05). There were only 24.09%(186/772) treated with drugs for anemia intervention and the majority of patients (75.91%, 586/772) were treated with blood transfusions to interfere with anemia during hospitalization. 【Conclusion】 There are significant differences in the incidence rate of preoperative anemia among patients with duodenal papillary carcinoma who undergone Whipple surgery. Low BMI, abnormal WBC, and perioperative blood transfusion are high-risk factors for prolonged hospital stay, whereas anemia is not associated with prolonged hospital stay.
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Objective@#To investigate the curative effect of antiviral therapy and related factors influencing the curative affect in children with immune-tolerant phase chronic hepatitis B.@*Methods@#From May 2014 to April 2015, 46 children with chronic hepatitis B, aged 1 to 16 years with immune-tolerant phase were enrolled as the treatment group. All cases in the treated group either received interferon alpha (3-5 MIU/m2, once daily) in lamivudine combination (if HBV DNA decreased < 2 log10) or repeatedly received interferon-alpha alone (if HBV DNA decreased >2 log10) for 12 weeks. Interferon was discontinued at 72 weeks and followed-up period was continued with lamivudine for 24 weeks. At the same time, data of 23 cases of untreated children with immune-tolerant phase chronic hepatitis B were collected as the control group. The treatment group and the control group were divided into two age groups: 1-7 years old and 7-15 years old. Data measurements were compared using t-test, analysis of variance and single factor analysis methods, and the count data were analyzed by χ 2 test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of different factors on response.@*Results@#(1) There were 22 cases aged 1-7 years in the treatment group (47.8%) and 12 cases aged 1-7 years in the control group (52.2%). The cases of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in treatment and control group were 34 (73.9%) and 17 (73.9%), while children with normal baseline ALT in the treatment and control group were 18 (39.1%) and 10 (43.5%). (2) At the end of follow-up, 15 cases in the treatment group (32.6%) had HBeAg serological conversion. Among them, nine (19.6%) cases had HBsAg clearance or HB-Ag seroconversion with anti-HBs, and one (2.2%) case had HBsAg clearance, but both HBeAg and anti-HBe were positive. In the control group, one case had HBV DNA lower than the lower limit of detection level, and one case had HBeAg seroconversion without HBsAg clearance. (3) At the end of follow-up, the seroconversion rates of HBeAg in patients aged 1 to 7 years and patients aged 7 to 15 years were 45.5% and 20.8%, respectively (P = 0.078) and the clearance rates of HBsAg were 36.4% and 8.3% (P = 0.023). The serum conversion rates of normal and abnormal baseline alanine aminotransferase levels were 5.6% and 50.0% (P = 0.005), and the clearance rates of HBsAg were 5.6% and 32.1% (P = 0.077), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in gender, mother-to-child transmission, HBV DNA genotyping and baseline HBsAg level in antiviral efficacy among children (P > 0.05). (4) HBsAg and HBeAg clearance occurred in 100% of patients at the end of follow-up who had HBsAg < 3 000 IU/ml at 24 weeks of treatment. (5) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum HBeAg conversion rate had relation with non-MTCT transmission and abnormal baseline alanine aminotransferase. Furthermore, HBsAg clearance rate was associated with the age of children.@*Conclusion@#Sequential combination of interferon and lamivudine with a prolonged course can improve the HBV DNA negative conversion rate, HBeAg seroconversion rate, HBsAg loss rate and mild ALT abnormalities at baseline in children under the age of 7 years with immune-tolerant phase chronic hepatitis B.
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The antiviral treatment for children with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection should be started in the immune active phase.Interferon (IFN) is the drug of first choice in most cases,however,the individual treatment and management of adverse effects need to be considered.Currently,Nucleos (t)ide analogues (NAs) can be used as the first choice only for those special children who can't use IFN.Efficacy will be seriously affected once the emergence of viral resistance mutants to NAs.However,there is high risk of relapse after the NAs are discontinued.Compared with the mono therapy,the therapeutic strategy of interferon combined with NAs have obtained better effect and safety in children with chronic HBV infection.
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Objective Retrospectively study of the effects of interferon-α therapy on height and weight of children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Total of 116 hospitalized cases of CHB children in Adolescent Liver Centre, 302 Military Hospital of China from January 2010 to December 2011 were respectively studied.Heights and weights of all the subjects at baseline, 24 weeks, 48 weeks, 72 weeks and 96 weeks of treatment, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks and 96 weeks of follow-up were measured.The weight Z score (WAZ), height Z score (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI) Z score of subjects with hepatic fibrosis (S) 0.05).At 48 weeks of treatment, the median HAZ was 0.50, and the median WAZ was 0.20;after a follow-up period of 24 weeks, the median HAZ was-0.32, and the median WAZ was-0.18;after a follow-up period of 48 weeks, the median HAZ was 0.09 and the median WAZ was 0.06.All the above median values of HAZ and WAZ were significantly different from those at baseline (all P<0.05).The difference of HAZ at baseline and 96 weeks of treatment in group aged 6-16 years was significantly different from that in group aged 1-6 years (-0.74±0.69 vs-0.53±0.35, t=1.85, P<0.05).Also, the difference of WAZ at baseline and 96 weeks of treatment in group aged 6-16 years was significantly different from that in group aged 1-6 years (-0.69±0.41 vs-0.17±0.75, t=3.74, P<0.05).The difference of HAZ at baseline and 96 weeks after treatment in group aged 6-16 years was significantly different from that in groups aged 1-6 years (-1.12±0.81 vs-0.05±0.69, t=2.06, P=0.022).Conclusions Interferon-α treatment for children with chronic hepatitis B does have influence on their height and weight, which restores to some degree after the treatment finished.Physicians should pay more attention to the influence of interferon-α treatment on height and weight in children aged 6-16 years.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of goal-directed fluid therapy on the tissue perfusion of elderly patients undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy.Methods Thirty patients aged 60-82 years with ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ who were presenting for elective laparoscopic radical cystectomy were randomly divided into routine fluid replacement group (group C,n=15) and GDFT group (group G,n=15).Patients in group C received routine fluid replacement.Patients in group G were treated under goal-directed fluid infusion strategy with a target of SVV≤13%,CI≥2.5 L·min-1·m-2 and ScvO2≥73% under the monitoring of PiCCO.The indexes of hemodynamics and tissue perfusion were collected and recorded at 7 time points: before induction of anesthesia (T1),5 minutes after intubation (T2),5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum and change positions (T3),1 hour after pneumoperitoneum (T4),5 minutes after the abdomen was opened (T5),1 hour after the abdomen was opened (T6) and the end of surgery (T7).Results Compared with group C,group G received less fluid.MAP and SVV between two groups were no statistical significance.The CI in group G in time point T4,T6 and T7 was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05).The HR in group G in time point T5 and T6 was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05).The aLac in group G in time point T4 and T5 was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05).Pcv-aCO2,DO2I and O2ERe between the two groups were not statistically different.Postoperative rehabilitation indexes between the two groups were not statistically significant.Conclusion The GDFT guided under SVV,CI and ScvO2 can keep the effective circulatory volume and pressure to ensure the whole body perfusion,reduce aLac and improve microcirculation without affecting the balance of oxygen supply and demand and the postoperative complication.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of ropivacaine-induced convulsion on hippocampal synaptic development in neonatal rats.Methods Sixty 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats,weighing 40-41 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),single convulsion group (group SC),and recurrent convulsion group (group RC).Normal saline 0.1 ml was intraperitoneally injected in group C.Group SC received single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5％ ropivacaine 33.8 mg/kg.In group RC,0.5％ ropivacaine 33.8 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 5 consecutive days.The rats developed convulsion were included in the study.Five rats were selected at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after convulsion and at the age of 60 days in C and SC groups,and at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after the last convulsion and at the age of 60 days in group RC,the rats were sacrificed,and the hippocampus was removed for examination of the ultrastructure of neurons (with a electron microscope) and for determination of the number of synapses,synaptic space and thickness of synaptic density.Results Compared with group C,the number of synapses was significantly decreased,and the synaptic space was widened at 24 h and 3 days after convulsion,and the thickness of synaptic density was thinned at 24 h after convulsion in group SC,and the number of synapses was significantly decreased,and the synaptic space was widened,and the thickness of synaptic density was thinned at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after convulsion in group RC (P＜0.05).Compared with group SC,the number of synapses was significantly decreased,the synaptic space was widened,and the thickness of synaptic density was thinned at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after convulsion in group RC (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above at the age of 60 days between the three groups (P＞0.05).Neurons exhibited nuclear swelling,mitochondria showed edema,and disrupted mitochondrial cristae and vacuoles were observed at 24 h and 3 days after convulsion,and these changes mentioned above were significantly attenuated at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after convulsion.Conclusion Ropivacaine-induced convulsion exerts no effects on hippocampal synaptic development in neonatal rats.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative anxiety on the dosage of opioid drugs in perioperative period.Methods Fourty female patients who aged 18-65 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy were enrolled during November 2014 to August 2015.Demo-graphic characteristics of the patients were recorded.The patients were separated into two groups ac-cording to their state anxiety inventory (SAI).The patients with SAI>37 score were included in the high-anxious patients group (group H,n=22)while the other patients with SAI≤37 were enrolled in the low-anxious patients group (group L,n=18).All patients received the SAI test at the day be-fore surgery.The anesthesia time,intraoperative remifentanil consumption,duration of the first time giving analgesia after surgery,consumption of sufentanil at 1(T1 ),2(T2 ),4(T3 ),6(T4 ),24(T5 ) and 48 hours(T6 )after operation were recorded.Visual analogue scale (VAS)scores,the times of pressing PCIA and the side effects of opioid 48 h after the surgery were recorded.Results In group H, the time for first dose of opioid after surgery was significantly shorter than group L (P <0.05).The con-sumption of sufentanil in group H was significantly more than group L at T1-T6 (P <0.05).The times of pressing PCIA at the T5 time point after operation in group H was more than group L (P<0.05).No sta-tistically difference was found in the incidence of nausea or vomit between the two groups.There were no re-spiratory depression, pruritus or urinary retention in all patients.Conclusion Patients with high preoperative anxiety level perceive needed more opioids in postoperative pain control.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in children, and to improve the understanding of DILI in children. MethodsOne hundred and eighty-four children with DILI who were under 16 years and hospitalized in our hospital from January 2004 to January 2014 were enrolled as subjects, and their clinical and pathological data were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsDILI might occur at any age in children, even at the infant stage, and the youngest patient was only 2 months old. There were 143 patients (77.7%) with clinical symptoms, including loss of appetite, jaundice, and yellow urine. The drugs causing DILI included traditional Chinese medicine (28.3%), antibiotics (24.5%), and anti-inflammatory drugs (19.6%). The pathological characteristics of DILI in children included eosinophils-based inflammatory cell infiltration (78.7%), mixed hepatic steatosis (73.5%), and cholangiolar cholestasis (38.7%). Four patients (2.2%) developed autoimmune hepatitis; twenty-nine patients(158%) had liver failure, and three of them died of liver failure. After treatment, 177 patients (96.2%) recovered normal liver function and were discharged. ConclusionDILI may occur at any age in children, and a majority of drugs causing DILI are traditional Chinese medicine, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. The pathological examination of liver provides an important basis for the diagnosis of DILI in children. In spite of the benign prognosis in most patients, the incidence of liver failure still needs to be taken into account, and regular follow-up is necessary.
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For children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the antiviral therapy should be started in the immune active phase. There are two categories of antiviral drugs used for CHB: interferons (IFNs) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). In this paper, the current status of antiviral therapy of CHB in children is reviewed. It is pointed out that IFNs are the drug of first choice in antiviral therapy for children with CHB, and the individualized treatment and management of adverse events need to be considered. Some NAs can be given to those special children who cannot accept IFNs. However, there is a high risk of relapse after drug withdrawal. And the subsequent treatment will be seriously affected once the drug resistance is developed. It needs further investigation to improve the efficacy of antiviral therapy and reduce the adverse events and the drug resistance in the future.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the pathological and clinical characteristics of children with liver diseases by retrospective study on clinical and liver biopsy pathological data of children with liver diseases.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This retrospective analysis was performed at Beijing No. 302 Hospital among 3 932 children with liver diseases who visited the hospital from January 2001 to December 2012. The kinds of diseases were compared with the results of 1983-2000.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) Liver biopsy was successful in 99.72% (3 932/3 943) of cases of 2001-2012 group, complications occurred in 31 children only. (2) Of the 3 932 cases, 2 647 (67.32%) had hepatitis , non-hepatotropic viral hepatitis and non viral liver disease were seen in 365 cases (9.28%), and 920 cases (23.4%), respectively. Among 2 647 cases with viral hepatitis, 2 115 were hepatitis B (79.90%), 521 hepatitis C (19.69%), 7 were hepatitis A (0.26%) and 4 hepatitis E (0.15%), respectively. (3) In 2001-2012 group, the degrees of inflammatory activity (>G2) of liver were seen in 9.57% (202/2 111) patients with hepatitis B, while 23.57% (132/560) in 1983-2000 group. There was significant difference between the two groups (χ(2)=80.36, P=0.00 ). (4) Significant difference was observed in the rate of non viral liver disease between 2001-2012 group (23.40%, 920/3 932) and 1983-2000 group (9.61%, 98/1 020) (χ(2)=93.46, P=0.00). In 2001-2012 group, including 46 kinds of diseases, which were significantly higher than those of 1983-2000 group (18 kinds). In 2000-2012, the main causes of diseases were liver degeneration (18.26%, 168/920), drug-induced liver injury (13.59%, 125/920), fatty liver (8.80%, 81/920) and liver glycogen accumulation disease (8.70%, 80/920). While in 1983-2000 group, the main causes were liver degeneration (20.41%, 20/98), fatty liver (16.33%, 16/98), glycogen storage disease (10.20%, 10/98) and myopathy (9.18%, 9/98).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liver biopsy in children is safe and feasible. Hepatitis B virus was ranked first in children with liver diseases in 2001-2012 group. The kinds of non viral hepatic disorders had changed and extended.</p>
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Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Biopsy, Needle , Hepatitis B , Pathology , Hepatitis, Viral, Human , Pathology , Hepatolenticular Degeneration , Epidemiology , Pathology , Liver , Pathology , Liver Diseases , Pathology , Liver Function Tests , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate changes of surface electromyogr8phic(sEM G)signal of pelvic floor muscles in complete spinal cord injury(cSCI)patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction.Methods Fifteen hospitalized patients with cSCI(observation group)and fifteen normal subjects(control group)were involved in this study.The root mean square(RMS)of sEMG signals were collected at pelvic floor muscles with rectal surface electrode when subjects'pelvic floor muscles were rest(10 s),fleetly contract(2 s×3),continually contract(10 s).Both groups'data of different contracting states of pelvic floor muscles were analyzed and compared.Results The max RMS and average RMS(16.61±2.83,13.52±2.22)at pelvic floor muscles'rest in observation group were higher than that in control group(8.41±5.55,3.45±1.53).There was statistical difference between two groups(P<0.01).In the subjects of observation group max RMS and average RMS(20.24±13.99,13.36±2.39)at continual contraction and average RMS(13.40±2.31)at fleet contraction were nearly the same as RMS value at pelvic floor muscles'rest.There was no statistical difference between these two states(P>0.05).Conclusion The sEMG could be a quantitative index in assessing function of pelvic floor muscles and the neurogenic bowel dysfunction after cSCI.It can supply some clinical value in framing the training of pelvic floor muscles and improving the bowel dysfunction.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics and pathogenesis of autoimmunohepatitis (AIH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum and liver biopsy specimens and clinical data of 26 cases with patients with AIH were analyzed and scored according to the criteria of International autoimmune hepatitis (IAIHG, 1999). The changes of dendritic cells (DC) in the liver tissues were observed with a panel of DC markers (CD-80/B7-1, CD-86/B7-2, CD-1a and HLA-DR) and immunohistochemistry, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and the expression of TGF-alpha were also detected. Liver tissue specimens from 10 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C respectively and 5 normal liver specimens were chosen as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean aggregate scores of 26 AIH cases, including 21 cases of type B (80.8%) and 5 cases of type C (19.2%), which were 18.6 +/- 1.4 and 19.1 +/- 2.1 respectively. There were significant differences between the type B and type C in the average age levels of serum ALT and AST, and alpha-Glo (P <0.001 or P< 0.01 or P <0.05). Histological features of all the AIH liver tissues showed the lesions of chronic active hepatitis such as interface hepatitis/piecemeal necrosis (100%), obvious lobular inflammation (type B 95.2%, type C 100%), bridging necrosis (57.1% type B, 80.0% type C, P<0.05), rosetting of liver cells (71.4% type B, 100% type C, P<0.01), central lobular confluent necrosis (33.3% type B, 80.0% type C, P<0.001), predominant plasmacytic infiltration (type B 95.2%, type C 20.0%, P<0.001). The rates of increased and concentrated DC in the portal and lobular areas, especially in the active lesions in type B and type C AIH were 85.7% (18/21) and 5/5 respectively. It was found that DC and lymphocytes surrounded the hepatocytes which partly expressed HLA-DR antigen, while there were no or a few HLA-DR positive hepatocytes in controls. Meanwhile, the number of alpha-SMA positive HSC and the expression of TGF- were obviously increased in AIH liver tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Several clinical and pathological features of AIH were identified in this study. As an antigen-presenting cell, DC might play an important role in the pathogenesis of AIH. In China, sub-type B of AIH might be more frequent than sub-type C and there were differences in clinical aspects, serology and pathology between the two types.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Dendritic Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Hepatitis, Autoimmune , Blood , Pathology , Liver , PathologyABSTRACT
AIM: To review variety of astragloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragali of different sources and different processed products. METHODS: HPLC-ELSD was used to determine astragloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragli. RESULTS: The distinction of astragloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragali of different sources and different processed products was obvious. The astragloside Ⅳ content reduced after processing. CONCLUSION: Radix Astragli of Henan Province has the highest astragloside Ⅳ content. And it is suggested that crude medicine should be used when astragloside Ⅳ is used as therapeutic component.
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AIM: To optimize the processing of Radix Paeoniae Alba stir-frying with vinegar. METHODS: UV-spectrophotometry was applied to determine the total paeoniflorin content, which was extracted by water from processed Radix Paeoniae Alba(stri-frying with vinegar) and the processing was designed by orhtogonal design. RESULTS: The best sample was treated at 130~?C for 40 min by adding 20% vinegar. METHODS: Processing of Radix Paeoniae Alba(stir-frying with vinegar) has a practical applicability.
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Pre-S2 protein in 78 samples of liver from patients with various types of hepatitis B was determined by immunohistochemical method.45 out of 78 samples (57.69%) were positive for pre-S2.The location and expression patterns of pre-S2 were similar to those of HBsAg,i.e.,pre-S2 was found in cytoplasm of hepatocytes,epithelial cells of bile ducts,and hepatocellular carcinoma cells,etc,Four different patterns diffuse,inclusion,submembranous,and membranous type were demonstrated.The membranous expression of pre-S2 was often associated with activity of liver diseases.The positive rate of pre-S2 was significantly higher in HBcAg positive group than HBcAg negative group.It seems that pre-S2 protein of HBV may be a replicative marker of HBV.
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By electron microscopic observation,we found few pit cells in liver,spleen.lungs,and small intestine in Wistar rat.The pit cells show several morphologicalcharacteristics as follows:1.electron dense granules in cytoplasm,which aresurrounded by a limiting membrane;2.vesicles with rod shaped bodies incytoplasm;3.eccentric nucleus with marginal heterochromatin;4.well developedpseudopodia.In addition,the pit cells have also been found in breast carcinoma in3 patients.According to their distribution and morphology,we preliminarilydeduced they probably belong to natural killer cells and may act as a cytotoxicagent and an immunological defender against carcinoma.